Appointment and Delegation of powers
The tax administration of Assam was being
carried on in a disciplined way within the ambit and competence of the taxation
laws, operative in the State. There are as many as nine taxation laws eight of
which were enacted by the State Legislature, while one being by Parliament.
Each law plays the pivotal role towards the augmentation of revenue to the
State Exchequer. The Commissioner of Taxes, Assam is the supreme authority for
the purpose of administration of the taxation laws and is appointed by the
Government of Assam for the purpose of carrying out the purposes of the Act
along with the officials of different cadres right from the rank of the
Additional Commissioners of Taxes to the grass root level, the Inspectors of
Taxes, specifying the area of functioning in respect of each of the officers.
The Commissioner is equipped with the supreme powers to carry on the
administration of the Acts, while for the smooth conduct of the administration;
he has been empowered to delegate his powers to the officers, appointed to
assist him befitting to their status, subject to the conditions and
restrictions, as envisaged in the Acts and the rules framed thereunder. It is
the prerogative of the Commissioner to assign the powers, to detail the
functions of the taxing authority to the best of his judgment in consideration
of the knowledge of law, working ability and other allied factors. In the past,
the posting of the officers in the important revenue areas were made in
consideration of seniority and capability to run the revenue administration,
beset with, the neck of proper collection of revenue including the arrear taxes
as well as to prevent, detect and arrest the evasion of taxes by the tax
dodgers. A dossier of the officers was maintained thereon. As the days are
going on, such mode of consideration has been taken a good bye. In the past,
the opinion and recommendation of the Commissioner in the matter of posting and
transfer, used to gain priority, but now in reverse to that the political views
and recommendation are gaining the momentum in many cases. The posting of
officers in the check posts and other important areas depends on the choice of
the officers and not in the interest of public service. Naturally, erosion has
been taken place in the proper and zealous functioning and there has been
gradual deterioration of the administration. The Commissioner sometimes fails
to exert power and a set-back becomes obvious.
Duties and resposibilities
The duties and responsibilities of the taxation officers have been
widely tabled. In a brief (i) an Inspector of Taxes is meant for survey,
inspection, checking, preventing and arresting
the evasion of taxes, collection of particulars from different sources
for the purpose of verification of the same in the field as well as to take
note at the time of assessments of taxes, besides other allied works; (ii) an
Assistant Commissioner of Taxes or a Superintendent of Taxes of the unit is
responsible for registration of a dealer, for realizing security money to
ensure proper payment of tax and proper custody of statutory declaration forms;
to make assessment and realization of tax including the arrears taxes, inspection,
checking and detection of evasion of
taxes; general supervision of administration in the area and other allied
works; (iii) a Deputy Commissioner of Taxes of the zone is to supervise the
works of the officers of the units in all spheres including inspection of
offices, looking into the position and progress of collection of revenue with arrears, chalking
out special drive for collection of revenue including the arrear taxes and
maintenance of liaison with the Commissioner of Taxes,(iv) Deputy Commissioner
of Taxes (Appeals) is to function as the appellate authority against the order
of assessment imposition of penalty, passed by the Assistant Commissioners of
Taxes and the Superintendents of Taxes, when aggrieved by a dealer,. The powers
and functions of the Deputy Commissioner (Appeals) are independent and he is
not act by virtue of the powers by the
Commissioner, but under the statute of law; (v) Joint Commissioner of Taxes is
to discharge the powers and functions, assigned by the Commissioner on
different subjects, to make inspection of the subordinate offices, hear
revision petition and other allied matters; (v) Additional Commissioner of
Taxes is to render assistance to the Commissioner in different matters
including inspection, general and law administration, hearing of revision petition and other allied
matters. Each of the officers except the Deputy Commissioner(Appeals), as
stated above, is equipped with the powers, delegated by the Commissioner befitting
to their status as well as in consideration of the administrative needs.
Enforcement wing
(Repeal Act)
An Enforcement wing was created in the taxation department in the
year 1964 for the purpose of checking, preventing and arresting evasion of
taxes. In fact, there was no specific provision in the sales tax laws operative
in the State to create such wing at the relevant times and the same used to run
as a matter of convention. The wing was centrally operated, being manned by one
Assistant Commissioner of Taxes with numbers of the Superintendent of Taxes and
the Inspectors of Taxes, subject to the supervision and control of the
Commissioner of Taxes. An Inspector of Taxes was posted in each unit for the
purpose of collection of information and to provide assistance in different
aspects to the central wing. In 1967-68, the said wing was decentralized and
each zonal Assistant Commissioner was entrusted to head the zonal wing in their
respective zones with the Superintendent of Taxes and Inspectors of Taxes
placed at his disposal. In the year 1981, in addition to the existing set-up,
another Enforcement wing was created centrally under a Deputy Commissioner of
Taxes with the numbers of the Superintendent of Taxes. There had been
complaints at different corners about the mal-functioning of the officers of
the central wing as well harassment to the traders. A section of traders and
professional personnel were on the heels to abolish the Enforcement wing. They
could manage the bureaucratic and the political set-up of the relevant time and
succeeded to dismantle this important wing including the zonal level wings late
in December, 1983. Instead of bringing the officers, alleged to have been
involved in mal-functioning, to book, the abolition or withdrawal of the wing
was unfortunate and was detrimental to the interest of the State revenue. The
officers might be bad, but the aim and object of the wing was revenue oriented.
The funniest part of thing is that, the Government did not revive the said
organization during these long 31 year and encouraged a section of unscrupulous
traders to move freely towards evasion of taxes.
(AGST Act)
Previously, four taxation laws in relation to the sale and
purchases of the goods were operative, but the same were amalgamated,
consolidated to give birth to a single Act, namely; the Assam General Sales Tax
Act, 1993 (AGST) with effect from the 1st July, 1993. This Act empowered the State
Government (Government of Assam) to constitute a Bureau of Investigation or
Vigilance or Enforcement wing consisting of the Officers, appointed by the
Government for the purpose of collection of intelligence, enquiry and
investigation in connection with the evasion of taxes. A vigilance group was
constituted by the Commissioner of Taxes and the officers comprising of such
group, were delegated with the powers, but the same was not constituted by the
State Government, as laid down. The officers entrusted in the group as well
created some displeasure in the name of checking of evasion of taxes, which
created out rage amongst the different section of tax payers.
(VAT Act)
The AGST Act was repealed and in its place the Assam Value
Added Tax Act, 2003 (VAT Act) came into operation from the 1st May, 2005. In the said Act, a provision to
create a vigilance wing was incorporated as well. Unlike the AGST Act, the
power to constitute a vigilance wing was vested to the Commissioner, but such
group is to be constituted out of the officers, appointed by the State
Government to assist the Commissioner. The vital part of such appointment is
that the territorial jurisdiction of the officers is to be specified in such
appointment made by the Government. The constitution of the vigilance wing by
the Commissioner, therefore, has a pre-condition that the appointment of the
tax officers for carrying out then purposes of the Act must contain the
territorial jurisdiction, as notified by the Government. While constituting
such vigilance wing the Commissioner can not specify the area out of his own,
but it is relevant to the appointment. Within five days of coming of the VAT
Act into force, the Commissioner by a notification delegated his powers to a
set of officers to exercise powers under the said Act. The salient feature of
such delegation of power was that, it was not preceded by any notification
pertaining to the appointment made by the Government with the territorial
jurisdiction. The said notification seemed to be not proper in the eye of law.
However, with the transfer of the entire group of the officer, this wing ceased
to function.
The delegation of power, as stated in the pre-para included, inter-alia, the power to make provisional assessment,
re-assessment on the escaped or evaded taxes, to undertake the special mode of
recovery, to levy interest, to purchase goods in case of under valuation, to
compound offence, to impose penalty etc. Actually, the doctrine of separation
of power, as envisaged in the Constitution and the definition of the term
‘Superintendent’ left no scope for such delegation of powers of assessment,
re-assessment, imposition of penalty etc. Apparently the said delegation of
power suffered from shortfall and impropriety.
Functioning of taxing authorities without legal authority
Presently, there is no such vigilance wing, constituted by the
Commissioner in the manner, discussed above. It has been, however, learnt that
a set of officers are being detailed to roam and function in the matter of
inspection of the traders’ business premises, godown, transporters’ godown
premises, to make interception of the goods vehicles and inspection thereof throughout
the State of Assam. No appointment of such officers under the Act with the
territorial jurisdiction was made by issue of notification by the Government
and no delegation of power was conferred by the Commissioner in this respect.
This seems to be a unique way of functioning currently, where the legal
provisions have been given a good bye and some unwritten jungle laws have been
introduced.
We have full moral support to undertake checking activities with
drastic measures against the tax dodgers, but as a retired officer of the
taxation department having prolonged profound experience in the taxation
department, we do not deem it proper to keep our eyes closed on such ways of
functioning, having no legal base or entity. We have no other ways, but to express
our views in writing no matter if it reaches to the deaf ears. The proceedings
undertaken for registration, requiring furnishing of security, orders
pertaining to assessment, re-assessment, rectification of assessment, penalty,
compounding of offences etc. by the officers, suffer from immense lacunae and
are found to be fallacious. There is no effort or endevour to make the new
comers adequately trained up for want of requisite infrastructure, such as
providing training, holding workshops etc.
Conclusion
The prosperity of a State largely and fully depends on the
utilization and mobilization of the resources available at its disposal and to
make proper use thereof. The revenue collection is always incremental, but the
trend of evasion leaps no bound. Unless the tax machinery is active and sincere
and moves in a proper and righteous way, the drainage of revenue will continue
by way of tax dodging activities.
(Mrinal Kanti Chakrabartty)
Guwahati-24
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